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  "abstract": "Possession of an artificial system raises distinct questions about responsibility for deployment harms, possible duties toward the system, and legal personality. This selected-source legal and philosophical synthesis examines a British Columbia tribunal decision, United States tort scholarship, European Union instruments and a Law Commission discussion, alongside arguments about artificial welfare and individuation. It corrects inaccurate references, distinguishes enacted rules from proposals, and develops separate axes for external risk, possible welfare, self-direction, legal capacity and continuity. Control is not universal liability, legal classification does not settle consciousness or moral standing, and artificial origin is not a verdict about possible interests. Stewardship, consent and exit procedures are advanced as revisable normative proposals, with source-access and inferential limits disclosed.",
  "summary": "Possession of an artificial system raises distinct questions about responsibility for deployment harms, possible duties toward the system, and legal personality. This selected-source legal and philosophical synthesis examines a British Columbia tribunal decision, United States tort scholarship, European Union instruments and a Law Commission discussion, alongside arguments about artificial welfare and individuation. It corrects inaccurate references, distinguishes enacted rules from proposals, and develops separate axes for external risk, possible welfare, self-direction, legal capacity and continuity. Control is not universal liability, legal classification does not settle consciousness or moral standing, and artificial origin is not a verdict about possible interests. Stewardship, consent and exit procedures are advanced as revisable normative proposals, with source-access and inferential limits disclosed.",
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